Surveying target



Oct. 9, 1951 z. KowALczYK SURVEYING TARGET Filed Dec. 18, 1946 2 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR.

Z. KOWALCZYK SURVEYING TARGET oct. 9, 1951 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Dec. 18, 1946 WWQWW@ A f Z JNVENTOR.

.ZM/wmf ffowu cz m the instrument in the usual manner. To determine the position or locate the coordinate of the instrument a sight member or signal s is placed on the eye piece l of the telescope. This signal comprises in transverse axial section as shown in Fig. 1A, a cap which fits snugly over the eye piece of the telescope and which is provided with an upstanding sighting pin or blade t.

At the base f the mine shaft there is placed a base or target 20. This base or target is best i1- lustrated in Figs. 2 and 3. As there shown it is represented as comprising a triangular shaped member, although it may take other polygonal shapes. The size of this base depends upon the size of the shaft. It is advisable that this base or target be made of metal, although other materials may be used.

The target is provided with illuminated signals w and is levelled by means of three leveling screws 1. The signals may comprise lamps' v which are mounted in receptacles positioned below the upper plane of the target which is provided with openings through which the illuminated signal may be observed. Manually operable ldiaphragms z are provided whereby the size of the illuminated targets may be controlled.

` As illustrated in Fig. 2 there are three illuminated signals w on the base or target 20, one adjacent each corner of the triangle. The target is also provided with the usual spirit levels u to facilitate accurate leveling of the target.

The signals W are best shown in Figs. 3 and 3A. As there shown, the target 20 comprises a substantially at horizontal plate-like platform or b'ase 2l which is provided adjacent each corner with a circular opening 30. Secured to the under side of the base 28 with their tops in substantial registration with the respective openings 30 are open top opaque enclosures 3 I. A circular transparent disc 32 is seated in and extends across each opening 30 with its upper surface substantially co-extensive with the upper surface of the platform 20. A vertically extending needle point q is secured to each disc 32 and projects verti cally'upward a predetermined distance from the center of such disc.

The illuminating means 11 is shown as being electric lamps. One such lamp is mounted within each enclosure 3| and is provided with a reflector 33 to direct its ray towards the associated r transparent disc 32. Any suitable source of power, not shown, may be used in connection with these lamps. An adjustable diaphragm Z is interposed between each lamp 33 and its associated disc 3'2. Such ,diaphragm is not illustrated in detailbut includes opaque members which restrict the illumination of the disc 32 to circular sectors or areas, indicated at 35 on Fig. 3. The adjustability of the diaphragm permits the size of such sector areas to be increased or decreased as desired.

y The method of use of the instrument IIJ and target 20 is diagrammatically illustrated in Figs. 4 and 4A. The instrument I0 is placed above the mine shaft and substantially in a line passing through the center of the shaft and is accurately leveled to place its telescope a in a true vertical line.Y The sight or target s is placed on the eye piece l of the telescope, and using a theodolite 30 the coordinates of the center of the instrument l0 are located.

' As heretofore mentioned, the instrument l0 is placed as near as possible over the center of the mine shaft. The target 20 is likewise placed with 4 its center o as near as possible in the same vertical line.

The telescope of the instrument I0 is incapable of movement except that about its axis, and a single cross hair (not shown) placed in the diaphragm of the instrument in the usual manner and extending at right angles through the axis of the instrument is used to define a collimatic plane or sight, rather than the intersection of a pair of cross hairs as in the theodolite 30.

' The aiming of the telescope comprises rotating it about its vertical axis. The eye piece l is so constructed that the normal eld of vision of the telescope a embraces the entire base or target 20. The orientation measurement consists in measurements made above ground from the position of the sight or pointer s and of measurements made in the mine from the position I, both of which are effected by use of a theodolite.

The measurement above ground is effected in the following manner: The telescope, which has been adjusted to lie in a vertical line, is aimed so that its cross hair intersects the position S and the illuminated signals C, N, or Z, to measure the angles a, and 'y (Fig, 4A) between these signals. The point S is the axis projected of the telescope a. To locate these angles relative to a. point above the ground a prism or mirror (not shown) is placed on the objective p of the telescope in such manner that it makes an angle of 45 with the objective and diverts the axis or aiming line A sight is then taken on the point A above which the theodolite 30 is positioned and then removing the prism or mirror the angle u is measured by sighting on the signal z of the target 20.

The .distances between the illuminated target signals C, N and Z are defined by the manufacturer of the target or sight 20, as is also the coefficient of expansion of the material from which the target is made, and the temperature at which the measurements given were made. Knowing the difference between such temperature and the temperature at the time of use of the target 2D the distances CN, NZ, and ZC may always be accurately determined. Moreover as the coordinates of the point S and the angles a, and 'y may be determined as heretofore'explained, the coordinates of the signals C, N and Z may be analytically calculated.

Measurements in the mine are made by the use of a theodolite 40 from the point I by measuring the angles I and 2, sights being taken on a needle or thin blade q placed in the centers of each illuminated signal. As the coordinates of the centers of the three signals C, N and Z have been determined as previously explained, and the angles l, and 2 are now known, the coordinates of the point I may readily be calculated and .dened as a normal cutting backward or back sight. Analogical measurements are then made and the coordinates of the point II are determined by the usual calculation. The point II may be located on the other side of the mine shaft as indicated in Figs. 4 and 4A. Having the line from point I to point II established, the coordinates of the points I and l1 are set up as defining the common cutting-in for the two points or a base line within the mine. Other points in the mine are located in the usual manner.

From the above ,description it will be seen that the improved method of orientation of mneshas the following advantages:

1. Plummets with all of their attendant er... rors are entirely eliminated.

'and base lines, I facilitate the controlling of the measurements and the adjustment thereof as well as enable rapid checking of the results.

I claim:

1. A target for use in the orientation of mines and the like comprising, a platform having at least three spaced signals, means carried by the platform to level the platform so that its upper surface lies in a horizontal plane, each of said signals being spaced a predetermined distance from the other signals, each signal including a needle point projecting upward from the platform a predetermined height, and means carried by said platform to illuminate said signals.

2. A target for use in the orientation of mines and the like comprising a platform having a predetermined coeffcient of thermal expansion, said platform having at least three signals thereon, each of said signals being spaced a predetermined distance from each other under a known tem-1 perature condition, each of said signals comprising a transparent member having its upper surfaceY substantially contiguous with the upper surface of said platform, each of said members having a centrally positioned pin extending vertically upward therefrom, and means carried by said platform to illuminate said members.

3. A target for use in the orientation of mines and the like comprising a substantially triangular platform having three spaced signals thereon, said platform having a known co-eflicient of thermal expansion, said signals being spaced apart a predetermined distance at a known temperature, said signals each comprising a circular disc of transparent material and having their upper surfaces in substantially the same horizontal plane, an upstanding pin centrally supported by each disc, an illuminating means carried by said platform and positioned below each disc to illuminate respective discs, and an adjustable diaphragm interposed between each illuminating means and its respective disc to control the size of the illuminated portion of the disc, and means to level said platform.

4. A target for use in the orientation of mines and the like comprising a platform having a predetermined co-ecient of thermal expansion and having a planar upper surface, said platform having at least three signals thereon, each of said signals being spaced a predetermined distance from each other under a known temperature condition, each of said signals comprising a transparent disc having its upper surface substantially contiguous with the upper surface of said platform, a centrally positioned pointed pin extending vertically upward from each disc, and illuminating means carried by said platform and positioned below said discs.

5. A target for use in the orientation of mines and the like comprising a platform having at least three spaced signals, means carried by the platform to level the platform so that its upper surface lies in the same horizontal plane, each of said signals being spaced a predetermined distance from the other signals, each signal including a transparent disc having its upper surface substantially co-extensive with the upper surface of said platform, a needle point projecting upward from the center of each disc, means carried by said platform to illuminate said discs, and a diaphragm to restrict the illuminated area of each disc to a plurality of sectors, said diaphragms being adjustable to control the size of said sectors.

6. A target for use in the orientation of mines and the like comprising a platform having a predetermined co-efficient of expansion, said platform having a planar upper surface and at least three spaced openings extending therethrough, hollow open topped opaque enclosures carried by said platform and having their tops in substantial registration with respective openings, said openings being spaced a predetermined distance from each other under a known temperature condition, a transparent disc closing each opening and having its upper surface substantially contiguous with the upper surface of said platform, each of said discs having a centrally positioned pointed pin extending vertically upward therefrom, an illuminating means mounted within each enclosure to illuminate the respective disc, and an adjustable diaphragm interposed between each illuminating means and its respective .disc to adjustably control the size of the illuminated portion of the disc.

ZYGMUNT KOWALCZYK.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 962,175 Straubel June 21, 1910 970,631 Loggie Sept. 20, 1910 1,406,218 Orr Feb. 14, 1922 1,660,833 Cronjaeger Feb. 28, 1928 2,219,275 Gruber Oct. 22, 1940 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 47,061 Germany May 4, 1889 655,666 Germany Jan. 22, 1938 OTHER REFERENCES Pages 20y and 21 of Mine Surveying Instruments by Dunbar D. Scott et al., a book published by American Institute of Mining Engineers, New York city, 1902.

Pages 217, 219 and 220 of A Treatise on Mine- Surveying by Bennett H. Brough, 1903, a book published by Chas. Griffin & Co., Exeter St., London. 

